What languages can games be written in?

So basically the title says it all. I just want to know. Can they be written in C++? And what other languages. Minecraft was written in Java could it have been written or can it be re-written in another language? If so which?
And what languages were Team Fortress 2 and Castle Crashers coded in?

How to fix my minecraft crash?

I have been playing minecraft for a while now and it has always been working perfectly with no lag at all. I tried to start minecraft up but it crashed and said bad video card. I don't know what happened because I was playing just yesterday. My graphics card is an ATI Radeon 5700 series. On the minecraft fourms it said that my graphics card was good enought to run minecraft with no lag, that was true until today. Some one please tell me how to fix my minecraft.

What laptop could meet these requirements for a decent price?

What laptop could meet these requirements for gaming the laptop can't be too expensive like maybe under $700 but even better under $600 any suggestions will help a lot thanks!

Also for gaming i would probably play Minecraft multiplayer, Skype, and video record at the same time. Also sometimes play steam, skype and sometimes video record at the same time?

If you buy a minecraft prenium account it comes with the gane right?

I found a thing on eBay for a mine craft premium account and its only 4 bucks. It should also come with a the game right? And how does it work? Is there like a card that I'll get and it'll have a redeem code on it or sonething? And why is it so cheap since an account normally cost 30 dollars?

Gaming laptop that will meet my needs?

Ok so i'm saving up money right now and i want to get a good gaming laptop that will run Minecraft multiplayer, skype, and video recording at the same time? Or do steam too? And the laptop can't be in the thousand doller range. Maybe like 500 to 700$ And i just want something that will meet those requirements and is portable any suggestions will help thanks!

Minecraft Launcher Crashing?

I've been trying to play Minecraft lately as I haven't played in about a year and figured I'd go back and mess around, but when I open the launcher it slows my entire PC down to the point of crashing, and the PC won't speed back up until I open task manager and end javaw.exe.
My specs are: Nvidia GeForce GTS 450, 8GB DDR3 RAM, and an AMD FX4100 3.6GHz.
I've tried:
Updating graphics drivers, deleting.minecraft from AppData and trying to redownload it, trying different launchers and trying to play with different versions of Java (JRE6, JRE7 and the JRE8 Beta).
Any help would be appreciated, thanks guys!

Added (1). Oh, before anyone says it, I *did* try allocating more memory to Java, but that didn't work either.

Added (2). Edit 2: Another thing, Minecraft worked perfectly before I re-installed Windows, which is pretty weird. Dunno if that helps.

Added (3). @Fallobt:
Tried it all, didn't work, but thank you! I appreciate the effort:-)

Does origin run on steam OS?

I'm going to be building my first ever gaming pc, windows 7 or 8 is very expensive. I'm thinking of getting steam OS. Will this run games like minecraft and can i install origin on it or fraps. Should i just spend 100$ to get windows?