Can you fight another ender dragon on the pc version of minecraft without using console commands?

Only if you make another world. But, if it's on the same world you can't.

No, you would have to summon in the Enderdragon and replace all the crystals that heal him to reset the fight.

I'm not sure if this would work as I just thought of it. You could try deleting the <worldname>_end folder in your save file and then traveling to the End again. Make sure you aren't in the End when you do this as you will most likely suffocate. In theory, this would force the game to create an entirely new End dimension with a brand-new Enderdragon to fight. Keep in mind that anything in the old End dimension would be lost, so you may want to keep a backup of the world.