In Minecraft, what is the command block effect to shoot a player in the direction they point?

Like in many server (TheHive, SkyDoesMinecraft's server, etc) a common way of moving throughout the lobby/spawn is by going on command blocks which boost a player forward, instead of making them walk the distance.
Could someone please inform me with the command to write into the command block. (Ex. - /effect 8 1 10)

Those are plugins that allow those game mechanics, not command blocks. You would need to just add speed effect X for around 1-2 seconds to replicate it. This would still require manual walking/jumping though. Unless you just wanted a teleport to a certain place. This would not work based on the direction a player is facing in vanilla minecraft.