How to transfer files from one computer to another then back again?

Ok let me start from the beginning. My step dad gave me a Lenovo laptop with an intel pentuim processor and windows vista on it. He then proceeded to "upgrade" my computer and put windows 8 on it. But the computer isn't supposed to run windows 8. I mean it worked great on the computer and i love it and though hey not as heavy or stupid as my last lap top. And I was really phsyched out cause he told me it was better for playing games on, and at the time I was really into minecraft. So I downloaded the minecraft launcher and it almost worked but right as it was about to load the last 1-2% of the game it crashed. I read the crash report and it informed me that basically windows 8 and certain drivers were not compatible so about 6 months ago I told my step dad I really wanted to play the game, so he upgraded the drivers and it worked great.still couldn't play but oh well. Then one day my computer got really slow and then.blue screen of death. I can't turn my computer on without it wanting to do an error report which doesn't work or having me wipe the whole laptop. So I guess what I'm asking is: in theory is it possible to take my ram or whatever has all my saved stuff in it, put it in a different computer, transfer the files, put it back into my computer then put all the files back onto my computer?