Will getting a better graphics card improve my FPS on certain games?

Here are my specs:
OS: Microsoft Windows 7 Professional

System Type: x64-Based PC

Processor: Intel(R) Core (TM) i7 CPU 920 @ 2.67GHz (8 CPUs), ~2.7 GHz

Memory: 6144MB RAM

ATI Radeon HD 4350

For example, I'm currently only getting 25-35 FPS with OptiFine on Minecraft, if that's any help.

Also, could you list some of the graphics cards that you would recommend?

It would. GPUs depend on price so I'll give good ones from $150. GTX 750ti, GTX 960 or R9 280, R9 280x, R9 290, GTX 970 or R9 290x, GTX 980. All of these will work. The only big thing is PSU. If you have at least 500w, any of the Nvidia cards will work if you don't plan on overclocking. If you have at least 600w, any of the AMD cards will work.