Why doesn't my minecraft have an edit profile button on the launch screen?

Everyone does, its at the bottom left hand side, it has your minecraft name and below that it says "New Profile" and "Edit Profile"

Do you have the regular minecraft launcher from minecraft.net or something else?

When I launch the launcher (in Linux, which should not make any difference) at the top it says "Minecraft Launcher 1.3.10". At lower left corner there's a drop down list for Profile: which might just say "Default" or your minecraft name. Under that are two buttons "New Profile" and "Edit Profile".

If you have not logged out and log in automatically when it runs, there's a large "Play" button bottom center.

And to lower right it says "Welcome, [your_MC_name] Ready to play Minecraft [whatever_version]". I have 1 profile for current version and another profile for a server with mods that is still 1.7.2.

The middle of the launcher screen shows Minecraft News about what is new in most recent versions (currently 1.7.5 and then earlier versions).

If you are seeing something else you either still have an older minecraft version instead of the newer launcher (what version does minecraft say it is when run?) or some other launcher.

It has been awhile since I tried (and failed) to add Forge to regular minecraft. Instead I used to use MultiMC which added Forge and could use Forge mods and texture packs before texture packs could be added directly to minecraft. Although, another way to use Forge mods may be the Technic Launcher http://www.technicpack.net/download which I use to run Tekkit modpack and has various other minecraft mod packs.