Is my Android version and phone type compatible with Minecraft?

Your android version is too old. You have a very old software version of Android 2.3 on your cell phone. The current version of android is 4.34. Your android version was released in December 2010. It could be that your phone does not have the spec requirement for the current android software and so I doubt that you can upgrade the software on your phone.

Too old

What ddominic said is mostly correct. Minecraft is not compatible with that version of android. There's nothing wrong with the specs of the phone, they are capable enough to run KitKat (the newest version of android). You should be able to update to android 4.1.2 JB, although your carrier may have never pushed the update to you. To check for it, go to Settings > Software Update and check for a new update. If you have one, download that and it should install automatically (may reboot a few times) and then you should be good to go for Minecraft. If you update and it still isn't on 4.1.2, you might need to check for another update, because it might have multiple software updates.

If, for whatever reason, there aren't any updates, and you're determined to get Minecraft running on your phone, you need to install a custom ROM. A custom ROM is pretty much software built by somebody based off of Android. It completely changes your phone, and everything on your phone will be wiped, so make sure to back up important stuff. This isn't for the faint of heart, so make sure you're committed to doing this before you start. I take no responsibility for anything you do to your phone!
To do this, you need to root the phone, unlock the boot-loader, and some other fun stuff. Everything you will need to know can be found on this forum site: https://forum.xda-developers.com/...galaxy-ace
I can't link you to specific threads as you didn't provide your phone's model number, but there should be plenty of threads there from this phone's heyday to get you through rooting and ROMing it.