Can I turn my ordinary laptop into a gaming laptop?

Its specs are:

Processor= Intel(R) Core i3-3110m CPU @ 2.40GHz
Memory (RAM)= 4 GB
Graphics= Intel(R) HD Graphics 4000
Gaming Graphics= 1664 MB Total available graphics memory
Primary hard disk= 519GB Free (586GB Total)

The model is TOSHIBA Satellite L875 and it has a 64 bit operating system with 2 processor cores.

I'm not computer savvy at all, so I have little knowledge what everything up above actually means. So would it be possible to turn this laptop into a gaming laptop? It plays minecraft horribly, even when I compare it to my friend's laptop which, statistically speaking, is inferior but still manages to run it better. Wtf?

Use it tor a doorstop and go get or build a good desktop. No way to upgrade yours to make it do better on games.

I don't know about Minecraft, but HD 4000 is reasonably competent for playing games. If your friend's laptop is running it on the same CPU, then it might be that yours is just bogged down with old files and things. Reinstalling Windows is the only way to sort that out properly, though you could try cleaning up your hard drive (try Disk Space Fan to identify large, unnecessary files) and turning off unnecessary services (use CCleaner's Tools/Startup option). However, as you have so much free space on your drive, that may be a red herring. What spec is your friend's laptop?

Laptops often have a special partition which allows you to reinstall Windows with a few clicks. Refer to the user manual or Google it.

I'm afraid that adding a graphics card or otherwise upgrading your laptop is pretty difficult. Replacing the hard drive with an SSD or increasing the RAM may be possible, but is probably not going to solve your problem.

Simple answer, nope…
You can't upgrade laptop video - you are stuck with the performance you have for gaming.

You can't upgrade processor or graphics card in laptop since they are soldered on the motherboard during manufacturing process